高二英语必修3Unit5知识点：Canada The True North
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1.重点词汇
1. chat vi.&n. 聊天;闲聊
[典例]
1). What were you chatting to him about? 你和他聊了些什麽?
2). I had a long chat with her (about her job).(关於她的工作)我和她聊了很久。
[重点用法]
chat to/with sb (about sth) = have a chat with sb (about sth) 与某人聊天、闲谈……
2. eastward adv. 向东 adj. 向东的;朝东的
[典例]
1). They were traveling eastward(s) to the city which appeared in their dreams. 他们朝着东边向梦想中的城市进发。
2). The plane flied in an eastward direction. 飞机向东边飞去。
[词语归纳]
eastward(s) adj./adv. 向东的，向东地
southward(s) adj./adv. 向南的，向南地 westward(s) adj./adv. 向西的，向西地 northward(s) adj./adv. 向北的，向北地
southeastward(s) adj./adv. 向东南的，向东南地 northeastward(s) adj./adv. 向东北的，向东北地 southwestward(s) adj./adv. 向西南的，向西南地 northwestward(s) adj./adv. 向东北的，向东北地
3. surround vt.&vi. 包围;围绕 surrounding adj. 周围的 surroundings (常用pl.)环境
[典例]
1). Trees surround the pond. 树木围绕着池塘。
2). The house was surrounded by high walls. 房子的四周有高墙。
[重点用法]
surround...with... 用……包围……
[典例]
1). Can you measure accurately with this ruler? 用这把尺子能量得准吗?
2). It’ s hard to measure his ability when we haven’ t seen his work. 没有见过他的作品, 很难估计他的能力。
[重点用法]
measure A by B 用B衡量A sth. measures 2 metres by 4 metres 某物长4米宽2米 measure sb. for a suit = make a suit to sb’ s measure 给某人量身做一套衣服
5. mix vt.&vi. 混合;调配 mixture n.[u,c] 混合(物);混合状态
[典例]
1). The chemist mixed (up) some medicine for me. 药剂师给我配了些药。
2). Oil and water don’ t mix. 油和水不能混合。
3). Oil won’ t mix with water. 油不能和水混合。
[词语归纳] mix的短语：
1 be surrounded by/with... 周围都是…… 4. measure vi.&vt. 测量;衡量;判定 n.[c,u] 尺寸;量具;计量单位;措施
mix A and/with B 把甲与乙拌和起来
mix sth. in/into把某物掺进去
[典例] mix sth. up 把某物拌和;混淆某物 be/get mixed up with sth./sb. 与某事有关;与某人混在一起 6. nearby adj.附近的;邻近的 adv.在附近
1). Her mother lived in a nearby town. 他的妈妈住在一个附近的城镇。
2). Her mother lived nearby. 他的妈妈住在附近。
[重点用法]
nearby作形容词时，既可放在被修饰词之后也可放在被修饰词之前。如：
There were complaints from nearby residents / residents nearby.
7. terrify vt.使恐怖;恐吓 terrified adj.恐惧的;受惊吓的 terrifying adj.(令人)可怕的
[典例]
1). He terrified his children with ghost stories. 他讲鬼故事吓坏了他的孩子。
2). Her husband’ s violence terrified her. 她丈夫的暴力使她感到恐惧。
[重点用法]
be terrified at/by sth. 被某事(物)恐吓 be terrified of sth. = be afraid of 害怕某事(物)
8. impress vt.使印象深刻;使铭记 impression n.[c]印象;感想 impressive adj.给人印象深刻的
[典例]
1). The sights of the city never fail to impress foreign tourists. 外国游客无一不对该市留有深刻印象。
2). We were most impressed with/by your efficiency. 你的工作效率很高，我们极为钦佩。
[重点用法]
impress sth. on/upon sb. = impress sb. with/by sth. 使某人铭记某事物
make/give/crate an impression on/upon... 给……一个印象
have/get the impression that 有……的印象
2.重点词组
1. rather than... 是……而不是……;与其……不如……;不愿
[典例]
1). He ran rather than walked. 他是跑的而不是走的。
2).Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price与其让蔬菜烂掉，他半价把它们卖掉。
[重点用法]
do A rather than do B = rather than do B, sb. does A 某人不做B却做A
A rather than B 是A而不是B
would rather do A than do B = would do A rather than do B 宁可做A而不做B
prefer to do A rather than do B 最喜欢做A而不做B
would rather sb. did/had done sth. 宁愿某人做某事
注意：rather than表示客观事实，它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。
2. settle down 舒适地坐下或躺下;(使)安静、安顿、安心;习惯於新的生活方式/工作等
[典例]
1). She settled down in an armchair to read her book. 她舒适地坐在单座沙发上看书。
2). When are you going to marry and settle down? 你什麽时候结婚过上安定生活?
[短语归纳] 与settle相关的短语：
settle down to… 使某人安下心来做……
3. catch sight of 看见;瞥见
[典例]
He was happy to catch sight of an eagle flying in the sky. 见到一只鹰在天上飞，他很高兴。
[短语归纳] sight短语：
lose sight of 看不见;不再看见
at (the) sight of 一看到(就)
out of sight 看不见;在视线外
4. have a gift for... 对……有天赋
[典例]
1). He has a gift for music. 他有音乐天才。
2). The young man is gifted in art. 那个小伙子有艺术天赋。
[重点用法]
have a gift for (doing) sth.= have the gift to do sth. 对……有天赋;有做某事的才能
a man of excellent gifts一个非常有才华的人
be gifted at doing sth./in sth. 擅长
5. in the distance 在远处;在远方
[典例]
1). We can see the mountain in the distance. 我们从远处就可以看到那座山。
2). Night fell. The hills in the distance turned dark blue. 夜色渐近，远山变成了深蓝色。
[短语归纳] distance短语：
at a distance隔一段距离;距离稍远一些
keep a distance别靠近
[典例]
1). I’ ll walk with you as far as the post office. 我陪你走到邮局。
2). I’ ve read as far as the third chapter. 我已读到第三章了。
[短语归纳] far短语：
as/so far as sb. knows 就某人所知 as far as sb. can see/tell/ remember 就某人看来/所说/所记得
far from sth 毫不;一点也不; 远非 as/so far as sb/sth is concerned 就某人/事物而言
So far, so good. (谚) 到目前为止，一切都很顺利。
7.manage to do 设法做
[典例] The box was heavy but he managed to carry it away.箱子很重，但是他设法扛走了。
3 settle (down) in ... 在……定居下来 settle a dispute/an argument/an issue 解决一争端/争论/问题 keep sight of 使能看得到;保持看得到的距离 in/within sight 可以看见;在视线内 have good/poor sight/eyesight 视力好/差 a gifted/telented person 一个有天赋的、有才华的人 from a distance从远方 keep sb. at a distance对某人保持疏远 6. as far as 远到，直到;至于
[辨析] manage to do try to do
3.重点句子
1. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres. 那里空气湿润，因而树木长得相当高，有的超过90米。(34页)
[解释]1. so...that 如此……以致于，后跟结果状语从目，常用too to或enough to来变为简单句，如： She was so angry that she couldn’ t say a word. = She was too angry to say a word. 她太气愤以致于说不出话来。
①辨析：so...that与such...that：
so...that与such...that意思一致，that均引导结果状从句，但是so为副词，such为形容词，所以二者所接词不一样的。
②some measuring over 90 metres 是独立主格结构。
独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分构成，在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，作用相当于状语从句，可表示时间、原因、条件、行为、方式或伴随情况。
构成形式：名词(代词) + 现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。
eg. Time permitting, I shall go to the cinema with you.
The test finished, we began our holiday.
页) not all 不都是，表示部分否定。
3. There is more fresh water in Canada than in any other country in the world. 加拿大的淡水量比世界上其他任何一个国家都多。(38页)
[解释] (1) 用比较级表示最高级，同一范围内比较时，常用“主语+动词+比较级+than any other+单名”
或“主语+动词+比较级+than any of the other+复名”。
(2) 不同范围内比较，常用“主语+动词+比较+than any+单名”。
4.As they sat in a buffet restaurant looking over the broad St Lawrence River , a young man sat down with them.(38页)
looking over the broad St Lawrence River 现在分词作伴随状语。
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